Table 5 Association between improved ability to pay for healthcare and baseline characteristics of participants after August 2021. The dependent variable is the perceived change in the ability to pay for healthcare: worsened (0), neither worsened nor improved (1), improved (2)
Variable | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | p-value | OR (95%CI) | p-value | |
Geographical catchment area | ||||
Anabah | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
Kabul | 2.71 (2.14–3.45) | 0.000 | 3.02 (2.29–3.98) | 0.000 |
Lashkar-Gah | 36.30 (27.49–47.95) | 0.000 | 46.65 (31.86–68.31) | 0.000 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
Male | 3.37 (2.74–4.14) | 0.000 | 0.86 (0.65–1.14) | 0.293 |
Marital status | ||||
Being married | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
Being engaged | 4.32 (2.96–6.29) | 0.000 | 1.50 (0.94–2.40) | 0.091 |
Not married or engaged | 1.20 (0.89–1.63) | 0.235 | 1.56 (1.05–2.31) | 0.027 |
Widow | 0.46 (0.27–0.80) | 0.000 | 0.83 (0.41–1.68) | 0.607 |
Location | ||||
Rural | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
Urban | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) | 0.172 | 0.62 (0.46–0.83) | 0.001 |
Education | ||||
Formal education | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
Informal or no education | 2.51 (2.08–3.02) | 0.000 | 1.09 (0.85–1.39) | 0.506 |
Financial difficulties | ||||
Yes | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
No | 2.61 (2.01–3.39) | 0.000 | 2.31 (1.69–3.15) | 0.000 |
Age | ||||
< 34 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
35–54 years | 0.65 (0.53–0.79) | 0.000 | 0.97 (0.76–1.25) | 0.836 |
> 55 years | 0.87 (0.63–1.21) | 0.416 | 0.91 (0.61.1.37) | 0.662 |