From: Maternal health outcomes in the context of fragility: a retrospective study from Lebanon
 | Number of ANC visits | Delivery outcome | Delivery onset | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ANC < 4 |  | C-section | Abortion | Preterm | ||||||
 | N | % | p-value | N | % | N | % | p-value | N | % | p-value |
Supplements | |||||||||||
Folic Acid (yes) | 1129 | 30.2% | .996 | 1540a | 41.1% | 297a | 7.9% |  < .001 | 426 | 13.2% | .054 |
Folic Acid (no) | 66 | 30.1% | Â | 48b | 21.9% | 13a | 5.9% | Â | 30 | 18.5% | Â |
Iron (yes) | 859 | 24.7% |  < .001 | 1505a | 43.3% | 97a | 2.8% |  < .001 | 417 | 13.0% | .001 |
Iron (no) | 336 | 68.6% | Â | 83b | 16.9% | 21b | 43.5% | Â | 39 | 21.5% | Â |
Lab Tests | |||||||||||
CBC (yes) | 1065 | 29.6% | .001 | 1433a | 39.8% | 273a | 7.6% | .028 | 403 | 13.1% | .052 |
CBC (no) | 142 | 37.9% | Â | 157a | 41.9% | 41b | 10.9% | Â | 53 | 17.0% | Â |
FBS (yes) | 965 | 28.1% |  < .001 | 1411a | 41.1% | 245a | 7.1% |  < .001 | 391 | 13.2% | .301 |
FBS (no) | 242 | 44.4% | Â | 179b | 32.8% | 69b | 12.7% | Â | 65 | 15.0% | Â |
OGTT (yes) | 158 | 15.2% |  < .001 | 350a | 33.6% | 31a | 3.0% |  < .001 | 87 | 9.6% |  < .001 |
OGTT (no) | 338 | 46.9% | Â | 293b | 40.6% | 101b | 14.0% | Â | 92 | 15.8% | Â |
Ferritin (yes) | 69 | 36.9% | .046 | 25a | 13.4% | 7a | 3.7% |  < .001 | 1 | 0.8% |  < .001 |
Ferritin (no) | 1138 | 30.0% | Â | 1565b | 41.3% | 307b | 8.1% | Â | 455 | 14.0% | Â |
Urinalysis (yes) | 888 | 28.9% |  < .001 | 1197a | 39.0% | 226a | 7.4% | .001 | 334 | 12.8% | .047 |
Urinalysis (no) | 319 | 35.3% | Â | 393b | 43.5% | 88b | 9.7% | Â | 122 | 15.6% | Â |
Hepatitis B (yes) | 251 | 33.2% |  < .001 | 122a | 16.1% | 27a | 3.6% |  < .001 | 99 | 17.2% | .077 |
Hepatitis B (no) | 104 | 71.2% | Â | 16a | 11.0% | 25b | 17.1% | Â | 2 | 5.7% | Â |
Rubella (yes) | 299 | 36.3% |  < .001 | 123a | 14.9% | 32a | 3.9% |  < .001 | 98 | 16.5% | .626 |
Rubella (no) | 56 | 74.7% | Â | 15a | 20.0% | 20b | 26.7% | Â | 3 | 21.4% | Â |
Syphilis (yes) | 253 | 33.0% |  < .001 | 134a | 17.5% | 28a | 3.7% |  < .001 | 102 | 17.3% | .066 |
Syphilis (no) | 107 | 70.9% | Â | 18a | 11.9% | 26b | 17.2% | Â | 2 | 5.6% | Â |
HIV (yes) | 299 | 36.1% |  < .001 | 125a | 15.1% | 32a | 3.9% |  < .001 | 97 | 16.2% | .413 |
HIV (no) | 58 | 77.3% | Â | 17b | 22.7% | 21b | 28.0% | Â | 3 | 25.0% | Â |
Toxoplasmosis (yes) | 292 | 36.6% |  < .001 | 125a | 15.7% | 32a | 4.0% |  < .001 | 103 | 18.2% | .001 |
Toxoplasmosis (no) | 61 | 70.9% | Â | 16a | 18.6% | 19b | 22.1% | Â | 2 | 6.5% | Â |
Ultrasounds done |  |  |  < .001 |  |  |  |  |  < .001 |  |  |  < .001 |
None | 311a | 52.8% | Â | 253a | 43.0% | 105a | 17.8% | Â | 56a | 12.0% | Â |
1 | 496a | 30.5% | Â | 674a | 41.5% | 187b | 11.5% | Â | 225b | 16.9% | Â |
 ≥ 2 | 400c | 22.7% |  | 663b | 37.6% | 22c | 1.2% |  | 175a | 11.0% |  |