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Table 3 Prevalence of lifetime violence exposure and human rights violations reported by the sampled households, n = 1115.

From: Survivors of the war in the Northern Kosovo: violence exposure, risk factors and public health effects of an ethnic conflict

Household experience (lifetime exposure)

No. of households (%)

House search by legal authority or law enforcement agency

826 (74.1)

House occupied by legal authority or law enforcement agency

494 (44.3)

House burned deliberately by police, army or paramilitary or NATO

630 (56.5)

Forced evacuation or displacement

958 (85.9)

Gunshot, shelling or bombing in the neighbourhood

913 (81.9)

Illegal demolition of household property or food supply essential for survival

628 (56.3)

Family member is missing or becomes disabled due to the war

105 (9.4)

Individual experience (lifetime exposure)

No. of households (%)

Saw relatives being arrested, assaulted, tortured, humiliated, injured, or killed

336 (30.1)

Saw friend or neighbour being arrested, assaulted, tortured, humiliated, injured, or killed

358 (32.1)

Arrest and detention without warrant or order

194 (17.4)

Forced separation from family members

631 (56.6)

Kidnapping, trafficking, disappearance

92 (8.3)

Involvement in a combat and cross-fire incidents

115 (10.3)

Extrajudicial execution by law enforcement agency

67 (6.0)

Forced labour by law enforcement agency

25 (2.2)

Experience of sexual harassment, molestation, rape or inserting blunt object into genital organ/rectum by member of law enforcement agency

4 (0.4)

Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment

347 (31.1)

Collective exposure to different categories of violence and human rights violations

No. of households (%)

0

48 (4.3)

1

45 (4.0)

2-3

139 (12.5)

4-5

274 (24.6)

6-7

266 (23.9)

8-9

186 (16.9)

≥10

157 (14.1)